福建省热带气旋暴雨突然增幅特征分析     

蔡义勇  王宏  郑秋萍 《湖北气象》2015,34(1)

利用2007—2013年福建省区域自动站和基本气象站小时降水观测资料,确定精细时空尺度上热带气旋暴雨突然增幅的阈值标准,分析暴雨突然增幅的时空分布特征及其与同期热带气旋之间的关系。结果表明:满足1 h、3 h和6 h暴雨突然增幅的热带气旋个例数随时间分辨率的降低而明显减少;3 h突增个例数主要出现在6—10月,且个例数和突增次数年分布总体呈上升趋势,突增次数日变化呈现"三峰型",高值区位于17—20时;暴雨突然增幅的热带气旋大多数在福建中南部沿海登陆,且不同的热带气旋中,强度较弱时发生突增次数较多,极值最大;暴雨突然增幅大多数发生在热带气旋登陆后24 h、距中心400 km内、西南方向,与登陆路径有关。对比分析了热带气旋登陆福建前后暴雨突然增幅的特征,发现登陆中部的热带气旋个数最多、暴雨突增次数也最多;热带气旋登陆后暴雨突增次数明显比登陆前多。  相似文献   

2013年7月1日河北宁晋极端短时强降水成因研究     

王丛梅  俞小鼎 《湖北气象》2015,(2):105-116

2013年7月1日午后至夜间,华北出现一次区域性暴雨和局地大暴雨过程。局地极端降水出现在河北省邢台市宁晋县四芝兰镇,过程雨量409 mm,其中当日17—19时连续2 h雨量超过100 mm。利用常规高空和地面观测资料、NCEP再分析资料和石家庄新一代天气雷达资料,探讨了宁晋极端短时强降水的形成原因。主要结论是:(1)低槽、冷锋、副热带高压及其外围低涡切变线为其主要影响系统,海南附近台风远距离影响加强了水汽自南向北的输送,半定常的地面辐合切变线对新生对流的触发和已有对流的维持及加强起到重要作用;(2)宁晋最强降水期间,其上空具有较强的垂直风切变,有利于高度组织化的对流系统发展;(3)对流系统的后向传播使回波主体移动缓慢、持续时间长,而回波强度大和雨强很强,则导致四芝兰镇极端强降水,此外,具有弱中气旋的超级单体相对较长时间的影响使其对四芝兰镇强降水具有重要贡献;(4)产生极端降水的对流系统属于高质心发展强烈的大陆强对流型,而非更易导致强降水的低质心系统。同时,针对众多学者研究北京"7.21"特大暴雨得到的一些结论进行了进一步探讨和验证。  相似文献   

地形对台风“海葵”降水增幅影响的研究     

朱红芳  王东勇  娄珊珊  邱学兴 《湖北气象》2015,(2):160-167

使用NCEP GFS资料和WRF V3.4模式对2012年第11号台风"海葵"(1211)引发的安徽强降水过程进行数值模拟,通过改变模式中安徽省大别山区和皖南山区的地形高度,设计一组敏感性试验,对"海葵"降水的地形增幅效应进行研究。结果表明:(1)WRF模式对台风"海葵"降水过程有较好的模拟能力。(2)大别山区和皖南山区地形对"海葵"移动路径、强度以及降水分布、强度均有不同程度的影响;不同地形高度下模拟的台风路径及降水分布差异较大,且降水中心强度与地形高度相关性较好,地形对暴雨增幅作用明显。(3)山区地形有利于中尺度辐合线和低涡生成、发展,并有强水汽辐合中心与之相对应;有地形时对流层低层上升运动比无地形时明显加强,对安徽中南部强降水增幅作用显著。  相似文献   

雷达雨量计联合估算降水在城市内涝模型中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈靖  解以扬  东高红  李培彦  邱晓滨  李英华 《气象科技》2015,43(5):866-873

为了满足城市暴雨内涝模型对面雨量精细化的需求,在天津城市暴雨内涝模型的基础上,将雷达估算降水产品应用到模型面雨量计算中,针对2012年7月25—26日天津的大暴雨过程,考察4种雷达估算降水产品和两种插值方法计算的内涝模型面雨量。经过对比发现,利用变分方法计算的雷达估算降水产品VAR用曲面插值方法计算内涝模型的面雨量整体效果最好。  相似文献   

热带季节内振荡对西北太平洋台风生成的大尺度环境的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

周伟灿  沈海波  赵海坤 《大气科学学报》2015,38(6):731-741

基于澳大利亚气象局发布的RMM(Real-time Multivariate Madden-Julian oscillation)指数,将热带大气季节内振荡划分为8个位相,统计分析了各位相西北太平洋台风生成频数和位置的变化特征,并进一步利用BDI(Box Difference Index)指数分析了台风生成的活跃和不活跃位相之间环境要素的差别。结果表明,相比于台风生成的不活跃位相(1、2、3位相),在利于台风生成的活跃位相(5、6、7位相)期间,环境场具有更强的低层辐合和高层辐散外流、更高的对流层中层相对湿度和更广的垂直切变较小区域。进一步研究表明,在台风生成的活跃和不活跃位相之间,大尺度环境场的差别主要体现在动力因子方面,尤其是低层辐合场。  相似文献   

冬季西太平洋暖池与华南降水关系的年代际变化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

何金海  袁良  祁莉 《大气科学学报》2015,38(6):721-730

利用1951-2010年全国台站冬季降水观测资料、Hadley环流中心逐月海表温度资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料,探讨了西太平洋暖池与我国华南地区冬季降水的关系。结果表明,西太平洋暖池与我国华南冬季降水的年际关系在1972年发生了明显的年代际转折,20世纪70年代前两者弱的负相关未通过信度检验,而70年代后两者相关系数达到-0.5~-0.6。回归分析显示,70年代前,暖池对产生华南冬季降水的水汽条件以及动力条件等的影响不显著,因此其与华南冬季降水的关系不明显。70年代后,暖池偏暖时,在菲律宾海区域激发出一个显著的气旋性环流,该环流西北侧的偏北风不利于南海地区水汽向我国华南地区输送,华南地区水汽辐散增强,而且南支槽地区对流减弱,南支扰动不活跃且扰动不能向下游地区传播,华南地区扰动活动减弱,此外暖池偏暖使北半球经向环流显著增强,且下沉支位于我国华南地区,加强了华南地区的下沉运动,因而华南地区冬季降水显著偏少;暖池偏冷时,情况相反。  相似文献   

Mesoscale dynamics and its application in torrential rainfall systems in China     

Shouting Gao  Zhemin Tan  Sixiong Zhao  Zhexian Luo  Hancheng Lu  Donghai Wang  Chunguang Cui  Xiaopeng Cui  Jianhua Sun 《大气科学进展》2015,32(2):192-205

Progress over the past decade in understanding moisture-driven dynamics and torrential rain storms in China is reviewed in this paper. First, advances in incorporating moisture effects more realistically into theory are described, including the development of a new parameter, generalized moist potential vorticity(GMPV) and an improved moist ageostrophic Q vector(Qum). Advances in vorticity dynamics are also described, including the adoption of a "parcel dynamic" approach to investigate the development of the vertical vorticity of an air parcel; a novel theory of slantwise vorticity development, proposed because vorticity develops easily near steep isentropic surfaces; and the development of the convective vorticity vector(CVV)as an effective new tool. The significant progress in both frontal dynamics and wave dynamics is also summarized, including the geostrophic adjustment of initial unbalanced flow and the dual role of boundary layer friction in frontogenesis, as well as the interaction between topography and fronts, which indicate that topographic perturbations alter both frontogenesis and frontal structure. For atmospheric vortices, mixed wave/vortex dynamics has been extended to explain the propagation of spiral rainbands and the development of dynamical instability in tropical cyclones. Finally, we review wave and basic flow interaction in torrential rainfall, for which it was necessary to extend existing theory from large-scale flows to mesoscale fields, enriching our knowledge of mesoscale atmospheric dynamics.  相似文献   

A diagnostic study of the asymmetric distribution of rainfall during the landfall of typhoon Haitang (2005)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Caijun Yue  Shouting Gao  Lu Liu  Xiaofan Li 《大气科学进展》2015,32(10):1419-1430

The precipitation during landfall of typhoon Haitang (2005) showed asymmetric structures (left side/right side of the track). Analysis of Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation data showed that rainfall on the right side was more than 15 times stronger than on the left side. The causes were analyzed by focusing on comparing the water vapor flux, stability and upward motion between the two sides. The major results were as follows: (2) Relative humidity on both sides was over 80%, whereas the convergence of water vapor flux in the lower troposphere was about 10 times larger on the right side than on the left side. (5) Both sides featured conditional symmetric instability [MPV (moist potential vorticity) <0], but the right side was more unstable than the left side. (6) Strong (weak) upward motion occurred throughout the troposphere on the right (left) side. The Q vector diagnosis suggested that large-scale and mesoscale forcing accounted for the difference in vertical velocity. Orographic lift and surface friction forced the development of the asymmetric precipitation pattern. On the right side, strong upward motion from the forcing of different scale weather systems and topography caused a substantial release of unstable energy and the transportation of water vapor from the lower to the upper troposphere, which produced torrential rainfall. However, the above conditions on the left side were all much weaker, which led to weaker rainfall. This may have been the cause of the asymmetric distribution of rainfall during the landfall of typhoon Haitang.  相似文献   

Relationship between summer rainfall anomalies and sub-seasonal oscillation intensity in the ChangJiang Valley in China     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2015

Sub-seasonal variability of summer (May–October) rainfall over the ChangJiang Valley exhibits two dominant timescales, one with a quasi-biweekly (QBW) period (10–20 days) and the other with an intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) period (20–60 days). A significant positive correlation (at a 99% confidence level) was found between the summer precipitation anomaly and the intensity of the QBW and ISO modes in the region. By examining the composite structure and evolution characteristics, we note that the QBW mode is characterized by a northwest–southeast oriented wave train pattern, moving southeastward. The perturbations associated with the ISO mode propagate northwestward in strong ISO years but southeastward in weak ISO years. A marked feature is the phase leading of low-level moisture to convection in both the QBW and ISO mode. When the summer rainfall is strong in the ChangJiang Valley, large-scale atmospheric conditions in the strong QBW/ISO activity region are characterized by deeper moist layer, convectively more unstable stratification and greater ascending motion. Such mean conditions favor the growth of the QBW and ISO perturbations. Thus, a significant positive correlation between the summer precipitation and the strength of sub-seasonal variability arises from the large-scale control of the summer mean flow to perturbations.  相似文献   

论河南“75.8”特大暴雨的研究:回顾与评述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁一汇 《气象学报》2015,73(3):411-424

“75.8”河南特大暴雨的发生已经过去40年了,它在人们的记忆中留下深刻的印象。这场暴雨在1975年8月5—7日3 d之内在河南南部的局部地区降下了1605 mm的总雨量,1、3、6、12 h雨量均破中国降水的历史记录。由于水库垮坝,洪水夺走了该区约2万6千人的生命,经济损失巨大。在这40年间,中国的暴雨研究和预报都取得了重大的进展。其中一个重要原因是中国的气象和水文部门从这场空前强烈的大暴雨和大洪水事件中吸取了宝贵的经验教训,多年来,以这场超级大暴雨洪水为借鉴,不断促进和鼓励中国气象学家向暴雨研究和预报发展的更高目标前进。有感于此,回顾和评述了当年老一辈科学家在比较艰苦的条件下所进行的这次大暴雨的研究活动,以及所获得的卓越科学成果。即使从今天来看,其中不少成果也具有创新性的意义,在中国暴雨研究的发展史上,占有十分重要甚至里程碑式的地位。文中重点对其中的关键科学问题进行了评述,包括:(1)“75.8”特大暴雨的雨情和极值;(2)“75.8”特大暴雨发生的原因;(3)“75.8”特大暴雨的动力诊断;(4)暴雨中尺度分析;(5)地形对暴雨的增幅作用。希望以此纪念河南“75.8”特大暴雨发生40周年,并表达对参与此次研究活动的老一辈科学家深深的怀念和敬意。  相似文献